Operators

Operator is a special symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical Operation.

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Ternary or Conditional Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Given table shows all the Arithmetic operator supported by C Language. Lets suppose variable Ahold 8 and B hold 3.

Operator	Example (int A=8, B=3)	Result
+	A+B	11
-	A-B	5
*	A*B	24
/	A/B	2
%	A%4	0

Relational Operators

Which can be used to check the Condition, it always return true or false. Lets suppose variable Ahold 8 and B hold 3.

Operators	Example (int A=8, B=3)	Result
<	A<B	False
<=	A<=10	True
>	A>B	True
>=	A<=B	False
==	A== B	False
!=	A!=(-4)	True

Logical Operator

Which can be used to combine more than one Condition?. Suppose you want to combined two conditions A<B and B>C, then you need to use Logical Operator like (A<B) && (B>C). Here &&is Logical Operator.

Operator	Example (int A=8, B=3, C=-10)	Result
&&	(A<B) && (B>C)	False
||	(B!=-C) || (A==B)	True
!	!(B<=-A)	True

Truth table of Logical Operator

C1	C2	C1 && C2	C1 || C2	!C1	!C2
T	T	T	T	F	F
T	F	F	T	F	T
F	T	F	T	T	F
F	F	F	F	T	T

Assignment operators

Which can be used to assign a value to a variable. Lets suppose variable A hold 8 and B hold 3.

Operator	Example (int A=8, B=3)	Result
+=	A+=B or A=A+B	11
-=	A-=3 or A=A+3	5
*=	A*=7 or A=A*7	56
/=	A/=B or A=A/B	2
%=	A%=5 or A=A%5	3
=a=b	Value of b will be assigned to a

Increment and Decrement Operator in C

Increment Operators are used to increased the value of the variable by one and Decrement Operators are used to decrease the value of the variable by one in C programs.

Both increment and decrement operator are used on a single operand or variable, so it is called as a unary operator. Unary operators are having higher priority than the other operators it means unary operators are executed before other operators.

Syntax

 ++  // increment operator
 --   // decrement operator

Note: Increment and decrement operators are can not apply on constant.

Example

x= 4++;  // gives error, because 4 is constant

Type of Increment Operator

• pre-increment
• post-increment

pre-increment (++ variable)

In pre-increment first increment the value of variable and then used inside the expression (initialize into another variable).

Syntax

++ variable;

Example pre-increment

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int x,i;
i=10;
x=++i;
printf("x: %d",x);
printf("i: %d",i);
getch();
}

Output

x: 11
i: 11

In above program first increase the value of i and then used value of i into expression.

post-increment (variable ++)

In post-increment first value of variable is used in the expression (initialize into another variable) and then increment the value of variable.

Syntax

variable ++;

Example post-increment

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int x,i;
i=10;
x=i++;
printf("x: %d",x);
printf("i: %d",i);
getch();
}

Output

x: 10
i: 11

In above program first used the value of i into expression then increase value of i by 1.

Type of Decrement Operator

• pre-decrement
• post-decrement

Pre-decrement (-- variable)

In pre-decrement first decrement the value of variable and then used inside the expression (initialize into another variable).

Syntax

-- variable;

Example pre-decrement

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int x,i;
i=10;
x=--i;
printf("x: %d",x);
printf("i: %d",i);
getch();
}

Output

x: 9
i: 9

In above program first decrease the value of i and then value of i used in expression.

post-decrement (variable --)

In Post-decrement first value of variable is used in the expression (initialize into another variable) and then decrement the value of variable.

Syntax

variable --;

Example post-decrement

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int x,i;
i=10;
x=i--;
printf("x: %d",x);
printf("i: %d",i);
getch();
}

Output

x: 10
i: 9

In above program first used the value of x in expression then decrease value of i by 1.

Example of increment and decrement operator

Example

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int x,a,b,c;
a = 2;
b = 4;
c = 5;
x = a-- + b++ - ++c;
printf("x: %d",x);
getch();
}

Output

x: 0